Are we all going to be replaced by machines? No doubt, more and more of our jobs are being performed by machines as artificial intelligence and automation are taking up increasing shares of certain industries — but not all.

To determine the jobs going away due to automation, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed data on projected employment change from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projections program. Detailed occupations whose factors affecting occupational utilization include automation were ranked based on projected percentage change in U.S. employment from 2022 to 2032. Data on the percentage of workers 25 and over with at least a bachelor’s degree in each occupation are also from the BLS EP and are for 2021. Supplemental data on average annual salary and total employment are from the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics program and are for May 2023.

The BLS projects that total employment is going to grow by nearly 3% from 2022 to 2023, with some industries projected to grow by double digits. Employment in the 40 jobs on the list, however, is projected to decline by anywhere from 3.2% to 38.6%.

While more than half of the jobs on the list indeed are manufacturing occupations, quite a few are also office based. In all, there are 18 different machine operators, setters, or tenders and 12 different clerks and other clerical jobs. While automation may play more of a part with lower demand for manufacturing jobs, artificial intelligence might be more detrimental to those who work in offices. (Also see: Cities With the Most Physically Demanding Jobs.)

Only four of the jobs on the list have a higher mean wage than the national mean of $65,470. The highest-paying job that is projected to have less demand in the future is computer programmers. Programmers increasingly use AI in their jobs, which could indeed mean fewer are needed for the same work.

Why This Matters

While automation is increasingly replacing certain jobs, others are projected to be in higher demand over the next decade. Here we aim to highlight those jobs that people who enter the workforce might want to shy away from. Similarly, those working in the occupations on the list might want to learn more skills and pivot in their career path.

40. Insurance claims and policy processing clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -3.2%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 27.2%
• Average annual salary: $49,530
• Total employment: 241,650

39. Survey researchers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -3.8%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 91.2%
• Average annual salary: $66,670
• Total employment: 8,190

38. Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -4.1%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 5.8%
• Average annual salary: $44,700
• Total employment: 52,720

37. Graders and sorters, agricultural products

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -5.1%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 7.4%
• Average annual salary: $34,880
• Total employment: 23,430

36. Chemical equipment operators and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -5.5%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 27.5%
• Average annual salary: $57,350
• Total employment: 120,260

35. Correspondence clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -5.9%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 23.3%
• Average annual salary: $46,940
• Total employment: 4,650

34. Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -6.2%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 20.9%
• Average annual salary: $49,580
• Total employment: 1,501,910

33. Procurement clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -7.6%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 40.2%
• Average annual salary: $47,940
• Total employment: 61,580

32. Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -8.2%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 8.0%
• Average annual salary: $54,340
• Total employment: 20,870

31. Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -8.4%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 11.2%
• Average annual salary: $42,730
• Total employment: 844,120

30. Forest and conservation workers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -8.7%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 21.8%
• Average annual salary: $36,860
• Total employment: 5,750

29. Brokerage clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -8.9%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 36.6%
• Average annual salary: $63,130
• Total employment: 48,060

28. Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -9.1%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 6.0%
• Average annual salary: $46,540
• Total employment: 14,950

27. Production worker helpers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -9.3%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 9.8%
• Average annual salary: $38,160
• Total employment: 181,810

26. Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -9.4%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 3.9%
• Average annual salary: $48,850
• Total employment: 19,560

25. Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -9.4%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 6.0%
• Average annual salary: $42,550
• Total employment: 31,970

24. Metal and plastic grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -9.5%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 4.3%
• Average annual salary: $44,450
• Total employment: 75,260

23. Bill and account collectors

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -9.6%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 18.1%
• Average annual salary: $46,020
• Total employment: 190,910

22. Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -10.5%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 8.6%
• Average annual salary: $37,880
• Total employment: 15,980

21. Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -10.8%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 8.6%
• Average annual salary: $37,040
• Total employment: 9,760

20. Metal and plastic cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -10.9%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 3.7%
• Average annual salary: $44,260
• Total employment: 179,230

19. Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -11.0%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 4.4%
• Average annual salary: $49,290
• Total employment: 24,750

18. Computer programmers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -11.2%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 72.9%
• Average annual salary: $107,750
• Total employment: 120,370

17. Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -11.6%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 26.5%
• Average annual salary: $45,490
• Total employment: 1,785,430

16. Gas plant operators

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -11.7%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 13.5%
• Average annual salary: $83,020
• Total employment: 15,930

15. Utilities meter readers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -12.2%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 5.2%
• Average annual salary: $53,610
• Total employment: 19,900

14. Metal and plastic milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -13.9%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 3.9%
• Average annual salary: $50,020
• Total employment: 13,990

13. Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -14.6%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 4.4%
• Average annual salary: $47,350
• Total employment: 9,170

12. Sewing machine operators

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -15.2%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 7.6%
• Average annual salary: $35,000
• Total employment: 116,130

11. Hand sewers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -15.8%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 19.7%
• Average annual salary: $33,860
• Total employment: 3,390

10. Print binding and finishing workers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -16.4%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 8.2%
• Average annual salary: $40,860
• Total employment: 38,880

9. Payroll and timekeeping clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -16.4%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 26.5%
• Average annual salary: $54,690
• Total employment: 157,230

8. Order clerks

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -18.2%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 23.3%
• Average annual salary: $43,530
• Total employment: 91,830

7. Metal and plastic drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -18.3%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 3.9%
• Average annual salary: $47,490
• Total employment: 5,740

6. Hand grinding and polishing workers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -19.5%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 5.4%
• Average annual salary: $41,490
• Total employment: 12,290

5. Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -21.1%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 42.7%
• Average annual salary: $73,680
• Total employment: 483,570

4. Switchboard operators

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -25.1%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 17.4%
• Average annual salary: $40,020
• Total employment: 43,830

3. Data entry keyers

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -26.0%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 24.3%
• Average annual salary: $40,130
• Total employment: 154,230

2. Telephone operators

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -26.6%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 18.7%
• Average annual salary: $42,100
• Total employment: 4,600

1. Word processors and typists

• Projected employment change, 2022 to 2032: -38.6%
• Workers with a bachelor’s degree: 22.3%
• Average annual salary: $47,170
• Total employment: 37,200

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