For the more than 100 million American citizens who cast votes in U.S. presidential elections, voting is a matter of being old enough, completing voter registration, and casting a ballot. However, while across the United States voters represent myriad backgrounds, opinions, and walks of life, in some states, the right to vote is not guaranteed to persons charged with a crime.
Because of a wide catalog of state disenfranchisement laws, approximately 5.2 million individuals with past or ongoing criminal convictions will not be voting in the upcoming presidential election.
Some states deny the vote to persons incarcerated or in jail, those on parole or probation, or those who were convicted of certain crimes. Even in states where such individuals are allowed to participate, many do not because of registration deadlines, voter ID laws, and limited access to the forms and information required to become a registered voter.
The rules for disenfranchisement vary widely across the country. There are two states in which no citizen can be disenfranchised based on their legal status, yet there are others in which disenfranchisement is so common that over 5% of voting age Americans cannot vote.
To determine the states where felons can and cannot vote, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed data from The Sentencing Project on the legal statuses that can cause residents to lose their right to vote in each state. We also reviewed data from The Prison Policy Initiative on the barriers placed on voter eligibility by prior criminal convictions and current detention status.
Click here to see the states where felons can and can’t vote.
There appears to be unprecedented enthusiasm to get out the vote in 2020. As of Oct. 18, at least 27.9 million Americans have already cast their ballot, according to the U.S. Elections Project — more than four times the number of early ballots cast at this point in the 2016 election cycle. Many people are using mail-in ballots to cast their vote safely from home as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to infect tens of thousands of Americans each day. These are the states where the spread of the virus is slowing, and where it is getting worse.
Though it is taking much of the attention, the presidential race will not be the only issue on the ballots in 2020. Local, state, and national legislators are all up for election as well. Americans have had a consistently negative view of Congress for over a decade, and 80% of Americans disapprove of the way Congress is handling its job, according to a Gallup poll. This overarching dissatisfaction could cost several senators their job — only 19 members of the U.S. senate have an approval rating of 50% or higher. These are America’s most and least popular senators.
Alabama
> Disenfranchised pop.: 328,198 (8.9% of voting age population) — 3rd highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 149,716 (15.6% of voting age population) — 5th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 2,947 (4.2% of voting age population) — 7th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 3.7 million
> 2016 general election participation: 57.4% of voting age residents (Trump won by 28.3%)
> Median household income: $51,734
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Alaska
> Disenfranchised pop.: 5,541 (1.0% of voting age population) — 25th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 551 (3.2% of voting age population) — 24th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 167 (0.6% of voting age population) — 11th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 530,385
> 2016 general election participation: 61.3% of voting age residents (Trump won by 15.2%)
> Median household income: $75,463
24/7 Wall St.
Arizona
> Disenfranchised pop.: 233,816 (4.9% of voting age population) — 7th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 26,914 (12.7% of voting age population) — 9th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 77,832 (7.1% of voting age population) — 2nd highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 4.8 million
> 2016 general election participation: 60.4% of voting age residents (Trump won by 4.1%)
> Median household income: $62,055
Arkansas
> Disenfranchised pop.: 87,187 (4.0% of voting age population) — 8th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 29,403 (8.9% of voting age population) — 14th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,197 (4.3% of voting age population) — 6th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.2 million
> 2016 general election participation: 58.7% of voting age residents (Trump won by 26.6%)
> Median household income: $48,952
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California
> Disenfranchised pop.: 243,181 (1.0% of voting age population) — 23rd lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 50,360 (2.9% of voting age population) — 22nd lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 77,890 (1.1% of voting age population) — 25th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison & parole
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 25.2 million
> 2016 general election participation: 57.9% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 28.8%)
> Median household income: $80,440
Colorado
> Disenfranchised pop.: 22,607 (0.6% of voting age population) — 18th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 4,076 (2.6% of voting age population) — 19th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 7,075 (1.2% of voting age population) — 25th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 4.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 69.5% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 2.8%)
> Median household income: $77,127
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Connecticut
> Disenfranchised pop.: 20,124 (0.8% of voting age population) — 21st lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 8,111 (3.2% of voting age population) — 23rd lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 5,261 (1.8% of voting age population) — 21st highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison & parole
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.6 million
> 2016 general election participation: 63.9% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 13.3%)
> Median household income: $78,833
Delaware
> Disenfranchised pop.: 11,524 (1.6% of voting age population) — 18th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 7,839 (5.2% of voting age population) — 19th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 781 (2.1% of voting age population) — 19th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 704,108
> 2016 general election participation: 62.3% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 11.5%)
> Median household income: $70,176
Florida
> Disenfranchised pop.: 1,132,493 (7.7% of voting age population) — 4th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 338,433 (15.4% of voting age population) — 6th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 90,816 (3.2% of voting age population) — 14th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 14.7 million
> 2016 general election participation: 59.5% of voting age residents (Trump won by 1.3%)
> Median household income: $59,227
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Georgia
> Disenfranchised pop.: 275,089 (3.8% of voting age population) — 9th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 145,601 (6.3% of voting age population) — 16th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 8,551 (2.6% of voting age population) — 16th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 7.3 million
> 2016 general election participation: 60.2% of voting age residents (Trump won by 5.7%)
> Median household income: $61,980
Hawaii
> Disenfranchised pop.: 4,899 (0.5% of voting age population) — 12th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 219 (1.0% of voting age population) — 5th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 225 (0.3% of voting age population) — 5th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 1.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 47.3% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 32.2%)
> Median household income: $83,102
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Idaho
> Disenfranchised pop.: 32,500 (2.7% of voting age population) — 11th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 606 (9.2% of voting age population) — 12th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,642 (4.0% of voting age population) — 8th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 1.2 million
> 2016 general election participation: 62.1% of voting age residents (Trump won by 31.6%)
> Median household income: $60,999
24/7 Wall St.
Illinois
> Disenfranchised pop.: 39,005 (0.4% of voting age population) — 10th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 21,533 (1.6% of voting age population) — 9th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 5,025 (0.5% of voting age population) — 9th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving misdemeanor sentence, Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 9.1 million
> 2016 general election participation: 63.8% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 16.0%)
> Median household income: $69,187
Indiana
> Disenfranchised pop.: 30,659 (0.6% of voting age population) — 19th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 9,838 (2.3% of voting age population) — 15th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 1,298 (0.7% of voting age population) — 15th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving misdemeanor sentence, Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 4.9 million
> 2016 general election participation: 58.3% of voting age residents (Trump won by 19.3%)
> Median household income: $57,603
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Iowa
> Disenfranchised pop.: 34,227 (1.5% of voting age population) — 21st highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 7,263 (11.4% of voting age population) — 10th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 2,815 (3.8% of voting age population) — 9th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.3 million
> 2016 general election participation: 63.4% of voting age residents (Trump won by 9.6%)
> Median household income: $61,691
Kansas
> Disenfranchised pop.: 21,256 (1.0% of voting age population) — 24th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 5,740 (4.8% of voting age population) — 21st highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 2,592 (1.9% of voting age population) — 20th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.1 million
> 2016 general election participation: 61.3% of voting age residents (Trump won by 21.0%)
> Median household income: $62,087
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Kentucky
> Disenfranchised pop.: 197,672 (5.9% of voting age population) — 6th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 38,665 (15.1% of voting age population) — 7th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,429 (6.2% of voting age population) — 3rd highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving misdemeanor sentence, Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 3.3 million
> 2016 general election participation: 57.0% of voting age residents (Trump won by 29.8%)
> Median household income: $52,295
Louisiana
> Disenfranchised pop.: 76,924 (2.2% of voting age population) — 13th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 47,951 (4.4% of voting age population) — 22nd highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 247 (0.2% of voting age population) — 4th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 3.5 million
> 2016 general election participation: 61.6% of voting age residents (Trump won by 19.7%)
> Median household income: $51,073
Maine
> Disenfranchised pop.: None
> Disenfranchised Black residents: None
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: None
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: No restriction
> Barriers to voting for state residents: None
> Voting age population, 2020: 1.1 million
> 2016 general election participation: 72.7% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 2.7%)
> Median household income: $58,924
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Maryland
> Disenfranchised pop.: 18,778 (0.4% of voting age population) — 11th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 13,310 (1.0% of voting age population) — 6th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 763 (0.4% of voting age population) — 6th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 4.3 million
> 2016 general election participation: 65.8% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 25.2%)
> Median household income: $86,738
Massachusetts
> Disenfranchised pop.: 8,956 (0.2% of voting age population) — 3rd lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 2,417 (0.8% of voting age population) — 3rd lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 2,403 (0.6% of voting age population) — 12th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 5.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 66.7% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 27.3%)
> Median household income: $85,843
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Michigan
> Disenfranchised pop.: 38,819 (0.5% of voting age population) — 15th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 20,820 (2.1% of voting age population) — 12th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 470 (0.2% of voting age population) — 3rd lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving misdemeanor sentence, Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 7.5 million
> 2016 general election participation: 64.3% of voting age residents (Trump won by 0.3%)
> Median household income: $59,584
Minnesota
> Disenfranchised pop.: 64,700 (1.6% of voting age population) — 19th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 13,333 (7.2% of voting age population) — 15th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,989 (3.7% of voting age population) — 11th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 4.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 68.7% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 1.5%)
> Median household income: $74,593
Mississippi
> Disenfranchised pop.: 235,152 (10.6% of voting age population) — the highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 130,501 (16.0% of voting age population) — 3rd highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 1,719 (4.8% of voting age population) — 5th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.2 million
> 2016 general election participation: 67.7% of voting age residents (Trump won by 18.6%)
> Median household income: $45,792
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Missouri
> Disenfranchised pop.: 95,485 (2.1% of voting age population) — 15th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 26,229 (5.2% of voting age population) — 20th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 1,794 (1.6% of voting age population) — 23rd highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving misdemeanor sentence, Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 4.6 million
> 2016 general election participation: 64.8% of voting age residents (Trump won by 19.1%)
> Median household income: $57,409
Montana
> Disenfranchised pop.: 4,221 (0.5% of voting age population) — 14th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 108 (3.4% of voting age population) — 25th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 95 (0.4% of voting age population) — 8th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 804,263
> 2016 general election participation: 65.9% of voting age residents (Trump won by 20.5%)
> Median household income: $57,153
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Nebraska
> Disenfranchised pop.: 22,396 (1.6% of voting age population) — 17th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 6,126 (10.6% of voting age population) — 11th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 4,493 (5.8% of voting age population) — 4th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 1.4 million
> 2016 general election participation: 66.8% of voting age residents (Trump won by 26.3%)
> Median household income: $63,229
Nevada
> Disenfranchised pop.: 14,397 (0.7% of voting age population) — 20th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 4,435 (2.4% of voting age population) — 16th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,021 (0.8% of voting age population) — 19th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 60.5% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 2.4%)
> Median household income: $63,276
New Hampshire
> Disenfranchised pop.: 2,905 (0.3% of voting age population) — 4th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 197 (1.6% of voting age population) — 8th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 191 (0.7% of voting age population) — 16th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 1.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 69.0% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 0.4%)
> Median household income: $77,933
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New Jersey
> Disenfranchised pop.: 19,896 (0.3% of voting age population) — 8th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 12,031 (1.4% of voting age population) — 7th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,156 (0.4% of voting age population) — 7th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 6.1 million
> 2016 general election participation: 61.5% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 13.2%)
> Median household income: $85,751
New Mexico
> Disenfranchised pop.: 18,451 (1.2% of voting age population) — 22nd highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 1,095 (3.5% of voting age population) — 25th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 10,589 (1.7% of voting age population) — 22nd highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 1.5 million
> 2016 general election participation: 54.8% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 8.3%)
> Median household income: $51,945
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New York
> Disenfranchised pop.: 44,343 (0.3% of voting age population) — 6th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 21,402 (1.0% of voting age population) — 4th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 10,682 (0.6% of voting age population) — 10th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison & parole
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 13.7 million
> 2016 general election participation: 57.2% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 21.3%)
> Median household income: $72,108
24/7 Wall St.
North Carolina
> Disenfranchised pop.: 83,837 (1.1% of voting age population) — 25th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 39,989 (2.5% of voting age population) — 18th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,890 (1.3% of voting age population) — 24th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 7.4 million
> 2016 general election participation: 67.5% of voting age residents (Trump won by 3.8%)
> Median household income: $57,341
North Dakota
> Disenfranchised pop.: 1,821 (0.3% of voting age population) — 5th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 211 (2.1% of voting age population) — 11th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 123 (0.9% of voting age population) — 20th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 562,632
> 2016 general election participation: 64.2% of voting age residents (Trump won by 36.3%)
> Median household income: $64,577
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Ohio
> Disenfranchised pop.: 50,402 (0.6% of voting age population) — 17th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 22,532 (2.2% of voting age population) — 13th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 1,452 (0.7% of voting age population) — 14th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 8.8 million
> 2016 general election participation: 63.6% of voting age residents (Trump won by 8.6%)
> Median household income: $58,642
Oklahoma
> Disenfranchised pop.: 56,995 (2.0% of voting age population) — 16th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 11,240 (5.5% of voting age population) — 18th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,945 (2.6% of voting age population) — 17th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.8 million
> 2016 general election participation: 56.6% of voting age residents (Trump won by 36.4%)
> Median household income: $54,449
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Oregon
> Disenfranchised pop.: 15,871 (0.5% of voting age population) — 16th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 1,449 (2.8% of voting age population) — 20th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 1,956 (0.9% of voting age population) — 21st lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving misdemeanor sentence, Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 3.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 66.3% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 10.6%)
> Median household income: $67,058
Pennsylvania
> Disenfranchised pop.: 48,823 (0.5% of voting age population) — 13th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 22,357 (2.2% of voting age population) — 14th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 4,860 (1.0% of voting age population) — 23rd lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 9.7 million
> 2016 general election participation: 62.6% of voting age residents (Trump won by 1.2%)
> Median household income: $63,463
Rhode Island
> Disenfranchised pop.: 2,588 (0.3% of voting age population) — 7th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 751 (1.8% of voting age population) — 10th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 620 (0.8% of voting age population) — 17th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 789,062
> 2016 general election participation: 60.6% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 15.6%)
> Median household income: $71,169
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South Carolina
> Disenfranchised pop.: 44,584 (1.2% of voting age population) — 24th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 24,501 (2.4% of voting age population) — 17th lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 814 (0.8% of voting age population) — 18th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 3.7 million
> 2016 general election participation: 62.1% of voting age residents (Trump won by 14.1%)
> Median household income: $56,227
South Dakota
> Disenfranchised pop.: 13,339 (2.1% of voting age population) — 14th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 962 (13.8% of voting age population) — 8th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 496 (3.4% of voting age population) — 12th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving misdemeanor sentence, Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 635,405
> 2016 general election participation: 59.1% of voting age residents (Trump won by 29.8%)
> Median household income: $59,533
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Tennessee
> Disenfranchised pop.: 456,480 (9.2% of voting age population) — 2nd highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 176,368 (21.6% of voting age population) — 2nd highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 11,878 (10.7% of voting age population) — the highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 5.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 54.0% of voting age residents (Trump won by 26.2%)
> Median household income: $56,071
Texas
> Disenfranchised pop.: 500,474 (2.8% of voting age population) — 10th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 138,926 (5.9% of voting age population) — 17th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 175,180 (3.3% of voting age population) — 13th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 17.9 million
> 2016 general election participation: 55.4% of voting age residents (Trump won by 9.2%)
> Median household income: $64,034
Utah
> Disenfranchised pop.: 7,987 (0.4% of voting age population) — 9th lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 542 (2.8% of voting age population) — 21st lowest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 1,609 (1.0% of voting age population) — 22nd lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence
> Voting age population, 2020: 2.0 million
> 2016 general election participation: 62.7% of voting age residents (Trump won by 18.1%)
> Median household income: $75,780
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Vermont
> Disenfranchised pop.: None
> Disenfranchised Black residents: None
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: None
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: No restriction
> Barriers to voting for state residents: None
> Voting age population, 2020: 494,674
> 2016 general election participation: 62.5% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 28.5%)
> Median household income: $63,001
Virginia
> Disenfranchised pop.: 366,065 (6.0% of voting age population) — 5th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 190,605 (15.9% of voting age population) — 4th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 7,372 (2.3% of voting age population) — 18th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 6.1 million
> 2016 general election participation: 68.2% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 4.9%)
> Median household income: $76,456
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Washington
> Disenfranchised pop.: 45,090 (0.9% of voting age population) — 22nd lowest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 6,447 (3.6% of voting age population) — 24th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 3,815 (1.0% of voting age population) — 24th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 5.2 million
> 2016 general election participation: 66.3% of voting age residents (Clinton won by 16.2%)
> Median household income: $78,687
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West Virginia
> Disenfranchised pop.: 17,274 (1.2% of voting age population) — 23rd highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 1,912 (3.7% of voting age population) — 23rd highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 95 (0.6% of voting age population) — 13th lowest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 1.4 million
> 2016 general election participation: 50.8% of voting age residents (Trump won by 42.2%)
> Median household income: $48,850
Wisconsin
> Disenfranchised pop.: 69,344 (1.6% of voting age population) — 20th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 22,371 (9.0% of voting age population) — 13th highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 5,100 (3.1% of voting age population) — 15th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole & probation
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole
> Voting age population, 2020: 4.3 million
> 2016 general election participation: 70.5% of voting age residents (Trump won by 1.0%)
> Median household income: $64,168
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Wyoming
> Disenfranchised pop.: 11,403 (2.6% of voting age population) — 12th highest
> Disenfranchised Black residents: 1,341 (36.2% of voting age population) — the highest
> Disenfranchised Latino residents: 1,125 (3.8% of voting age population) — 10th highest
> Legal status that can be disenfranchised: Prison, parole, probation & post-sentence — some or all
> Barriers to voting for state residents: Serving felony sentence, currently on probation, currently on parole, prior felony conviction
> Voting age population, 2020: 432,284
> 2016 general election participation: 64.8% of voting age residents (Trump won by 47.6%)
> Median household income: $65,003
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