The Most Unusual Ancestry by State

The concentration of those identifying as having American ancestry in Alabama is 2.6 times the concentration of American ancestry in the U.S. population. Many people who identify as American are at least fourth generation Americans, whose grandparents or great-grandparents were born in the United States. Many are also white Americans living in Southern states.

Immigrants from the African nation of Sudan are the most unique ancestry in Alaska, with a concentration in the nation’s largest state more than seven times the concentration in the U.S. population.

Alaska’s Bureau of Land Management has hosted events such as an explorer camp to help newly arrived refugees and immigrants adjust to their new home.

Arizona took in 3,858 refugees in 2015, the fifth most of any state after Florida, Texas, California, or New York. Some 717 of these refugees were from Iraq, the most of any country. The concentration in Arizona of residents with Iraqi ancestry is 2.4 times higher than the concentration in the U.S. population, and is the second highest of any state. Today, about 0.1% of Arizona residents identify as having Iraqi ancestry.

On June 22, President Donald Trump, citing the pandemic and high unemployment, announced new limits on visas that allow immigrants to temporarily work in the United States, marking the latest effort to limit the entry of immigrants — among them those from Iraq — to the U.S.

Dutch West Indian Americans are descendants of the Netherlands Antilles, a former country that consisted of a series of islands in the Caribbean under Dutch rule for approximately four centuries.

A total of 2,005 Arkansas residents identify as Dutch West Indian, and the 0.1% share of respondents claiming Dutch West Indian ancestry in Arkansas is more than five times the 0.01% national share, the highest concentration relative to the nation of any ancestry in the state.

Some 252,679 ACS respondents in California identify as Armenian, the most of any state and 54.2% of the total U.S. Armenian population.

The first Armenians settled in California in 1874, just 24 years after the state joined the Union. The area is notable for its large agricultural output and ethnic diversity among its farmers. More Armenians migrated to the area in the 1920s, following the 1915 Armenian Genocide. California’s large Armenian population was able to help some refugees of the genocide receive reparations.

German Russian people are descendants of German settlers who immigrated to the Russian steppes in the mid-18th century. One of the largest waves of German Russian immigration to the state began in the 1870s, when a group of German Russians facing economic hardship in Russia settled in the sugar beet farming region of northeast Colorado. The share of Colorado residents identifying as having German Russian ancestry of 0.02%, or a total population of 1,517, is more than three times the share of the U.S. population identifying as having German Russian ancestry.

Some 0.3% of ACS respondents in Connecticut, or 10,347 people, identified as Albanian, about five times the 0.06% of Americans who identify as Albanians nationwide and the highest concentration of any ancestry in the state relative to the nation. About 195,000 people in the U.S. identify as Albanian.

Other states with high concentrations of Albanians include Massachusetts, Michigan, and New York. The first Albanian immigrated to America in 1884 and settled in Boston. One of the first major waves of Albanian immigrants to America was during World War II, when Albania came under communist control and a sect of Albanians living in Greece were forcibly expelled from the country.

Measured by location quotient — comparing the state share to the national share — some of the most highly concentrated ancestries in Delaware are Kenyan, Bermudan, and Sierra Leonean.

The concentration in Delaware of residents with Kenyan ancestry is 5.5 times higher than the concentration of residents with Kenyan ancestry in the U.S. population. Just 0.1% of Delaware residents, or 1,409, identify as having Kenyan ancestry.

Some 33,608 ACS respondents in Florida identify as Bahamian, approximately 59.4% of the total U.S. population who identify as having Bahamian ancestry. Bahamians comprise 0.2% of the Florida population, ten times the 0.02% national concentration and the most of any ancestry in Florida relative to the U.S. as a whole.

Florida’s east coast is just a 50-mile boat trip from the western islands of the Bahamas. Bahamians began visiting the Florida Keys in large groups in the early 19th century to salvage cargo from sunken ships. More settled in Florida as economic opportunities for immigrants expanded.

Some 0.01% of Georgia residents, or 1,227, identify as having Zimbabwean ancestry. This is about three times the share of those identifying as having Zimbabwean ancestry in the U.S. as a whole.

Due to a long-time economic crisis, there has been an accelerated emigration of professionals from Zimbabwe mostly to neighboring countries such as South Africa, but also to the U.S., U.K., and Australia.

The Portuguese began to immigrate to Hawaii in the late 19th century, when sugarcane plantations offered economic opportunities to skilled laborers from the Madeira and Azores Islands of Portugal.

Today, some 47,730 Hawaiians identify as Portuguese, 3.5% of the 1.37 million Americans who claim the ancestry nationwide. Portuguese Hawaiians make up 3.4% of the state’s population, eight times the 0.42% of Americans who identify as Portuguese nationwide.

Some 7,334 Americans in Idaho identify as Basque — or 0.4% of the state’s population — the highest Basque concentration of any state. Americans with Basque heritage trace their roots to a region along the Spanish and French border. Early Basque immigrants largely came to the United States through South America during the California gold rush in the mid-19th century.

Today, Americans of Basque descent are heavily concentrated western states such as California, Nevada, and Oregon. Cities in Idaho with high concentrations of people who identify as Basque include Shoshone, Cascade, and Rupert.

In Illinois, 15,415 residents identify as having Bulgarian ancestry, or 0.1%, which is almost four times the share of residents identifying as having Bulgarian ancestry in the overall U.S. population.

One major wave of Bulgarian immigration to Illinois began in the early 20th century, when Bulgarians came to work in factories in cities like Granite City, Madison, and Venice, as they fled the political upheaval in the Balkans at that time.

Macedonian Americans are descendants of an ethnic group who came from the Balkan Peninsula. Currently, some 63,206 Americans claim Macedonian heritage — and about 1 in every 13 of them live in Indiana.

The largest waves of Macedonian immigration to the United States took place in the early 20th century, before the outbreak of World War I and again in the 1990s. Poor economic conditions in the Balkans and economic opportunity in the United States largely explain the mass migration.

Though Luxembourgers, who come from one of the world’s smallest countries, can trace their ethnicity’s presence in the United States as far back as 1630, the first major wave of immigrants from Luxembourg was in the 1830s and 1840s, after many faced difficulty attempting to settle in South America.

Driven by economic opportunity — inexpensive Midwestern farmland in particular — immigration from the landlocked Western European country to the United States continued through the later half of the 19th century. The looming threat of fascism and ethnic cleansing in Europe drove several hundred Jewish Luxembourgers to the United States in the early 20th century. Currently, about one in every nine Americans claiming to be of Luxembourger descent live in Iowa.

Kansas is one of three states where German Russian is the most unusual ancestry. There are 1,428 people in Kansas who identify as German Russian, or 0.05% of the state population. This share is approximately six times the share of those who identify as German Russian in the overall U.S. population.

A large wave of German Russians immigrated to Kansas in the 1870s. Large settlements of German Russians emerged in Russell County and Topeka.

Some 15.2% of Kentucky residents, or 674,543 people, identify as having American ancestry, more than double the share of the U.S. population identifying as having American ancestry.

Individuals who claim American ancestry are often fourth-generation Americans whose grandparents or great-grandparents were born here. Many are also white Americans who live in the South. An estimated 84.5% of the Kentucky population is white, far more than the 60.2% share of Americans nationwide and among the most of any state.

About half of all Americans who claim Cajun heritage live in Louisiana. The share of Louisiana residents identifying as having Cajun ancestry is 1.2%, 30 times the share in the U.S. of 0.03%.

The roots of most Cajun people in Louisiana trace back nearly half a millennium to the Acadians — people of French heritage who settled along Canada’s eastern coast. Historically neutral in French and English conflicts in the New World, the Acadians were driven from their home when the British demanded their loyalty in 1754. Acadians who refused to pledge loyalty to the Crown were killed or arrested, but many escaped. By 1784, thousands of Acadians were estimated to have settled in Louisiana, then a Spanish colony.

Almost 8% of Maine residents identify as French Canadian, 12 times the 0.64% share of Americans nationwide who claim French Canadian ancestry. Due to their proximity to their ancestral homeland of eastern Canada — Maine and Quebec share a border — French Canadian Americans may have been able to preserve francophone culture in America to a greater degree than other ethnicities. Some 5.1% of Maine residents today speak French, the most of any language other than English and the largest share of French speakers in the country.

French Canadians are an ethnic group who descend from French colonists who settled in eastern Canada around the 17th century. French Canadians began to immigrate to New England in large numbers for textile and logging jobs in the 19th century, and today the largest shares of U.S. residents claiming French Canadian ancestry are in New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine.

The share of Maryland residents identifying as having Sierra Leonean ancestry is 10 times the overall share of the U.S. population claiming ancestry from that African nation. Nearly 28% of all U.S. residents identifying as having Sierra Leonean ancestry live in Maryland.

Recent archaeological findings in Anne Arundel County uncovered DNA from former slave quarters that was linked to slaves who were brought to North America from Sierra Leone.

Some 72,032 people in Massachusetts are from — or are descendants of people from — the African island nation of Cape Verde, or more than 64.2% of all U.S. residents identifying as having Cape Verdean ancestry.

Droughts and famines on the Cabo Verde first drove large waves of immigrants to the Americas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many Cabo Verdeans settled in Massachusetts after finding employment on Massachusetts whaling ships that stopped at the island. Leading up to WWI, Cabo Verdeans continued to settle in Massachusetts, many finding work in cranberry bogs in Cape Cod.

About 44.3% of Assyrian, Chaldean, and Syriac Americans, or 45,222 people, live in Michigan today.

The first large wave of Assyrian immigration to Michigan was in the early 20th century, as Assyrians left the Middle East and found employment in Detroit’s growing automobile industry. More Assyrians followed their friends and family to Michigan in the 1970s as political turmoil in the Middle East drove large swaths of the population out of the region. The 1970s also created numerous economic opportunities for immigrants in Michigan as white residents left downtown Detroit following the 1967 riots and the decline of the auto industry. Residents of Assyrian descent took over the area’s grocery industry, and today they own an estimated 90% of the region’s food stores.

The share of Minnesota residents identifying as having Somali ancestry is 1.1%, or 63,953 people, compared with 0.05% of the overall U.S. population identifying as having Somali ancestry. After a devastating famine swept Somalia between 2010 and 2012, many Somali refugees found new homes in Minnesota, adding to the population that had come throughout the 20th century as sailors, students, and war refugees.

Minnesota is an attractive part of the country for many people of Somali descent because of the availability of jobs and the presence of NGOs and nonprofits related to resettling refugees. One of the state’s most famous residents, Ilhan Omar, is the first Somali-American to serve in Congress as a representative.

Some 0.1% of Mississippi residents, or 2,279 people, identify as Cajun, about three times the 0.03% national share. Cities with the largest shares of residents who claim Cajun descent in the state include Biloxi, Clarksdale, Pascagoula, and Gulfport.

Cajuns are largely the descendants of the Acadian people, French colonists from the Acadia colony in eastern Canada who were exiled from the region and forced to move to rural communities throughout the East Coast. Many migrated to port cities in the South and established small French-speaking communities. While roughly half of all Cajun Americans live in Louisiana today, there are significant populations in Southern states such as Florida, Arkansas, and Mississippi.

Measured by location quotient — comparing the state share to the national share — some of the most highly concentrated ancestries in Missouri are Yugoslavian and Kenyan. About 14,000 people, or 0.2% of the Missouri population, identify as having Yugoslavian ancestry, compared to 0.08% of the U.S. population claiming Yugoslavian ancestry.

The first major wave of Norwegian immigration to the United States took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, largely for economic reasons as immigrants from the Nordic countries seeking homesteads and farmland settled throughout the Upper Midwest. Some 8.9% of Montana residents, or 93,251 people, identify as Norwegian, more than four times the 2.1% national figure.

Towns with the largest Norwegian populations in Montana include Scobey, Plentywood, and Glasgow.

The share of Nebraska residents identifying as having Sudanese ancestry is 0.2%, or 4,626 people, about 13 times the overall percentage of the American population claiming Sudanese ancestry. Of the 61,645 American citizens who identify as Sudanese, 7.5%, or 4,626 — the second largest Sudanese population in the country — reside in Nebraska.

Sudanese refugees began to immigrate to Nebraska in the 1990s because of turmoil in the Darfur region of Sudan and continued to relocate there as the conflict escalated.

Nevada is another state where Basque Americans comprise the largest share of the population relative to their share nationwide. Basque Americans hail from Basque Country — a region that covers parts of northern Spain and southwestern France where the Basque language is primarily spoken. The first major wave of Basque immigrants to the United States came during the California gold rush in 1848. Many Basques found employment as sheepherders in northern Nevada, and today the state is home to one of the largest Basque American populations in the country.

Some 0.02% of Nevada ACS respondents identify as Basque, 10 times the 0.02% national share.

French Canadians are an ethnic group that descends from the French colonists who settled in eastern Canada around the 17th century. Large-scale immigration to the United States began in the 19th century, as groups of French Canadians found employment in textile mills and logging operations throughout New England. Today, some 9.2% of New Hampshire residents, or 124,368 people, identify as French Canadian, more than 13 times the 0.6% national share.

Some 2.4% of New Hampshire residents today speak French, the fifth largest share of any state.

A majority of Egyptian Americans emigrated to the United States in the last 60 years as laws such as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and the Immigration Act of 1990 eased immigration quotas and requirements for underrepresented populations. Still, the Egyptian diaspora in America is one of the smallest national origin groups.

Approximately 262,159 Americans identify as Egyptian, just 0.08% of the U.S. population. Of that group, 14.9% live in New Jersey, more than in any state other than California. Egyptians comprise 0.4% of New Jersey’s population, or 39,075 people, almost six times the national share.

The share of those in New Mexico who claim Celtic ancestry is 0.04%, or 794 people, which is about twice the share of the U.S. population identifying as having Celtic ancestry.

Although we associate the Celts with parts of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, Celtic tribes migrated to Spain and lived on the Iberian Peninsula during the Roman Empire. Some of the Spanish explorers who came to what is now New Mexico might have had Celtic ancestors.

Nearly 60% of all American residents who claim to have Guyanese ancestry, or 145,393 people, live in New York. The share of those in New York identifying as having Guyanese ancestry is well above the national share.

The Richmond Hill section of Queens is also known as Little Guyana and is home to a large portion of Americans who identify as Guyanese. Guyanese began to come to New York City in the 1960s to escape repression in the Caribbean nation as well as to take advantage of a change in U.S. immigration laws that lifted immigration levels from those immigrating from the Southern Hemisphere.

The share of North Carolina residents identifying as having Scotch-Irish ancestry is 2.4%, or 249,089 people, almost three times the national share of 0.93%.

Scotch-Irish Americans are descendants of mostly Protestant immigrants who came to America primarily from the Ulster province of Ireland in the 18th century seeking religious freedom and economic opportunities. About 3 million Americans identify as Scotch-Irish, or 1% of the population. Other states with relatively large Scotch-Irish populations are Tennessee, West Virginia, and South Carolina. About one-third of U.S. presidents claim Scotch-Irish heritage.

In the 18th century, Catherine the Great of Russia encouraged Germans to settle in Russian territories on the Volga River and on the Black Sea, luring them with free land and religious freedom. A century later, these German Russians started moving to the United States, and about 70,000 of them made North Dakota their new home.

Today, more than 26,000 Americans identify as German Russian, and about 10.0% of them live in North Dakota. German is even still spoken in some villages in the state. Other states that have a relatively high concentration of German Russian Americans include Kansas and Colorado.

Following the Civil War, there was a shift in the broader immigration patterns to the United States. If immigrants until then mostly came from England, Germany, and Ireland, after the war they came from Eastern European countries, including Slovenia. In 1900, fewer than 10,000 American Slovenes lived in Ohio. By 1910, over 14,000 American Slovenes lived in Cleveland alone. Slovenes were attracted to Cleveland by factory jobs and due to previous Slovene migration, which meant they could live around people with shared culture and beliefs.

Currently, close to a third of the 177,058 Americans with Slovene ancestry live in Ohio.

Dutch West Indian Americans are descendants of the Netherlands Antilles, a former country that consisted of a series of islands in the Caribbean under Dutch rule for approximately four centuries. The islands were conquered by settlers of the Dutch West India Company in the 17th century and were under Dutch rule until October 2010, when the five islands that comprised the Netherlands Antilles — Curacao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius — became fully autonomous territories.

Dutch West Indians comprise 0.4% of the Oklahoma population, about 30 times the 0.01% of Americans who claim Dutch West Indian ancestry.

Basque Americans trace their roots to a region that covers parts of northern Spain and southwestern France where the Basque language is primarily spoken. Basque people first arrived in Oregon en masse in the late 1880s, many leaving California after the gold rush. Upon settling in Oregon, the Basque people spread across the state, and many became sheepherders. In addition to California, much of Oregon’s Basque population moved to the state from Nevada, which still has a relatively heavy concentration of Basque Americans.

Today, 5.7% of the nearly 61,000 Americans who identify as Basque live in Oregon.

Pennsylvania Germans are the descendants of a group of southern German immigrants who settled in Pennsylvania in the 17th and 18th centuries. The immigrants established a unique dialect of German known as Pennsylvania Dutch that was spoken by more than a third of the state’s population by the time of the American Revolution.

Today, some 304,584 Americans identify as Pennsylvania German, about half of whom live in Pennsylvania. The ethnic group comprises 1.2% of the Pennsylvania population, more than 12 its 0.09% share in the U.S. population.

Cape Verde is an island nation off the western coast of Africa. About 1 in every 5 Americans who identify Cabo Verdean as their primary ethnicity live in Rhode Island. Americans identifying as Cabo Verdeans often also have Portuguese ancestry as Portugal colonized the African island nation in the 1400s.

The Cabo Verdean people first arrived in New England after being employed on whaling ships — which often stopped at Cape Verde — from the northeastern United States. Another state with a relatively high concentration of Americans with Cabo Verdean ancestry is Massachusetts.

Scotch-Irish Americans are descendants of immigrants who came to America primarily from the Ulster province of Ireland in the 18th century seeking religious freedom and economic opportunities. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in the United States today.

More than 3 million Americans identify as Scotch-Irish, or about 1% of the population. States with the largest shares of Scotch-Irish American residents include southeastern states such as Tennessee, West Virginia, and North and South Carolina. The Scotch-Irish comprise 2.3% of the South Carolina population, 2.5 times the national share.

Some 13.6% of South Dakota’s population identifies as Norwegian compared to only 1.4% of the U.S. population. South Dakota is not the only state in the Upper Midwest with a high concentration of Norwegians. North Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin have relatively large Norwegian populations as well.

Norwegians first settled in South Dakota in the mid-1800s. Their numbers increased rapidly in the region throughout the remainder of the 19th century. Today, about 117,500 people living in South Dakota identify primarily as Norwegian.

When they first came to North America, the Scots-Irish settled in Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina, and Virginia. They later moved inland where land was inexpensive. When Tennessee became a state in 1796, these settlers set up schools and churches in the state. Among other traditions, the Scotch-Irish brought the tradition of distilling whiskey.

Today, nearly 1 in 20 Americans identifying as Scotch-Irish live in Tennessee. The state is home to more than 143,000 Scotch-Irish Americans, who make up 2.1% of the Tennessee population.

Dutch West Indian Americans are descendants of the Netherlands Antilles, a former country that consisted of a series of islands in the Caribbean under Dutch rule for approximately four centuries. The islands were conquered by settlers of the Dutch West India Company in the 17th century and remained under Dutch rule until October 2010, when the five islands that comprised the Netherlands Antilles — Curacao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius — became fully autonomous territories.

Immigrants from the Dutch West Indies came to the United States throughout the 20th century. Dutch West Indian Americans comprise 0.03% of the Texas population, nearly three times the comparable national share — the highest location quotient of any ancestry in the state.

The first major wave of immigration from Denmark to the United States was in the mid to late 19th century, when converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints moved throughout the Midwest and to Utah. Mormon missionaries had arrived in Denmark in 1850, just months after the 1849 Constitutional Act of Denmark granted the Danish people freedom of religion. Immigration continued into the 1900s, as economic opportunities in Denmark became limited and the United States offered settlers cheap farmland through generous land policies such as the Homestead Act.

Today, 146,406 Utah residents identify as Danish, more than in any state other than California. Danish Americans comprise 4.7% of the Utah population, nearly 12 times the comparable 0.39% U.S. share.

French Canadians began to immigrate to New England in large numbers from Quebec, New Brunswick, and Ontario in Canada for textile and logging jobs in the 19th century. Today, the largest shares of U.S. residents claiming the ancestry live in New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont. Some 8.1% of Vermont residents claim French Canadian ancestry, nearly 13 times the 0.65% national share — the highest location quotient of any ancestry in the state.

Due to their proximity to Quebec, French Canadian Americans may have been able to preserve francophone culture in the United States more than descendants of other ancestries. Some 1.4% of Vermont residents today speak French, the most of any language other than English and the fourth largest share of French speakers of any state.

Between 1550 and 1850, over 10 million people from the African continent were brought to North America and Brazil as slaves. Many of those slaves were from Sierra Leone. While some Sierra Leonean slaves returned to Africa in the 1700s after gaining freedom, a majority stayed in the United States.

More recently, beginning in the 1970s, large waves of Sierra Leonean immigrants have come to America seeking educational and economic opportunities, as well as to escape political turmoil in their own country. Today, 23,397 Americans identify as having Sierra Leonean ancestry, a majority of whom live in states along the East Coast. About 1 in 5 of all Americans identifying as Sierra Leonean live in Virginia.

Large groups of settlers from Iceland first immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s. Estimates of the number of people who left Iceland for the United States during that period ranges from 10,000 to 15,000 — close to one-fifth of the population of Iceland at the time. They initially settled in Midwestern states like Minnesota and Wisconsin, while others were drawn to Utah by the Mormon faith.

Eventually, Icelandic Americans moved west to states like California, Oregon, and Washington. Immigration decreased considerably in the early 1900s and did not pick up again until after WWII, when brides of American troops stationed in Iceland relocated to the United States.

Today, some 6,449 people in Washington, or 0.1% of the population, identify as having Icelander ancestry — about six times the comparable national share.

The Scotch-Irish Americans are descendants of immigrants who came to America primarily from the Ulster province of Ireland in the 18th century. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in the United States today. Just over 3 million ACS respondents nationwide claim Scotch-Irish ancestry, or about 1.1% of the U.S. population. In West Virginia 1.8% of respondents claim the ancestry.

The first major wave of Scotch-Irish settlers immigrated to the United States seeking religious freedom and economic opportunities. Having originally settled in Philadelphia, the Scotch-Irish eventually found a greater degree of religious freedom in the Southern states — where their descendants largely remain today.

The world’s only cultural center celebrating the heritage of Luxembourg opened in 2009 in Belgium, Wisconsin. The location is appropriate as about 6,600 people claiming Luxembourger heritage live in Wisconsin — more than in any other state. Some 16.6% of the 42,343 Luxembourg Americans call Wisconsin home.

The first major wave of immigrants from Luxembourg came to the United States in the 1830s and 1840s, after many faced difficulty attempting to settle in South America. Pulled by economic opportunity — inexpensive farmland in particular — many Luxembourgers were drawn to the Midwest.

Approximately 61,000 Americans today identify as Basque, and about 1,100 of them live in Wyoming. Many Basques moved away from their homeland in the 19th and 20th centuries, eventually settling in places in South America, the Philippines, Australia, and the United States. In the U.S., Basques had a reputation of being hard workers in sheepherding communities.

Americans who identify as having Basque ancestry comprise 0.02% of the state population, about 10 times the national figure and the most of any ancestry in the state relative to the comparable national share.