The largely deficit-financed Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was the largest overhaul of the U.S. tax code since 1986. The act passed by a party-line vote — only one Republican senator opposed it — to become the landmark piece of legislation of Donald Trump’s presidency.
The TCJA cut the corporate tax rate to 21% from 35%, eliminated the corporate alternative minimum tax, and implemented a raft of new deductions. It became a windfall for corporate America as corporate income tax declined from $297 billion in 2017 to $204.7 billion in 2018, according to Congressional Budget Office figures. (These are the states with no income tax.)
In some cases, the tax cuts were so dramatic that some of the largest U.S. companies, including Amazon, Netflix, and General Motors, paid less than half of the statutory rate in the ensuing years. (GM’s low federal tax burden comes after the U.S. government lost $11.2 billion on the company‘s bailout following the 2008 financial crisis.)
Now, more than three tax years since the passage of the tax overhaul, we have a glimpse into the worst tax-avoidance offenders in corporate America.
To identify the companies that pay no tax, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the July 29, 2021, report “Corporate Tax Avoidance Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” from Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. Companies are ranked by their effective tax rate. Market values and year-to-date stock price gains are as of the first week of November.
According to the report, 73 corporations paid less than half of the statutory rate — many of them paid effective federal income tax rates in the single digits. Another 39 S&P 500 or Fortune 500 companies paid no federal income taxes from 2018 through 2020.
All but two of the companies that paid no federal income tax — NRG Energy and Oneok — had a negative effective tax rate, which means they received a refund from the federal government for taxes paid in previous years.
Five companies on this list, including U.S. defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton and scientific equipment maker Agilent Technologies, had double-digit negative effective tax rates. (On the other hand, these are the states where Americans are paying the most taxes.)
Here are the companies that paid no federal income taxes since 2018
39. NRG Energy, Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: 0.0%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: $0 — #74 largest collection
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.96 billions — #61 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $411 millions — #57 of 112
Houston-based electric company NRG Energy, with a current market capitalization of about $8.6 billion, generates and delivers power nationwide. After reporting third-quarter financials, the company adjusted its EBITDA — earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization — projections, NRG stock tumbled 11%.
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38. Oneok, Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: 0.0%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: $0 — #74 largest collection
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $3.97 billions — #36 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $833 millions — #32 of 112
Like other energy concerns, this Tulsa, Oklahoma-based natural gas utility with a current market cap of $28.8 billion saw its stock plunge during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns last year. Despite the sharp downturn in demand and record low gas prices, the company’s fortunes improved this year. Gas prices have improved, as demand and exports have recovered.
37. Sanmina Corporation
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.1%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: $0 — #74 largest collection
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: 262 millions — #108 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $55 millions — #106 of 112
San Jose, California-based Sanmina Corporation (formerly Sanmina-SCI Corporation) supplies printed circuit boards and backplanes for hardware companies worldwide. With a current market value of $2.8 billion, Sanmina’s share price has surged by about 36% since the start of the year.
36. Advanced Micro Devices Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.1%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$1 millions — #35 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.66 billions — #67 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $349 millions — #62 of 112
Santa Clara, California-based AMD is a global supplier of semiconductors that spun-off its manufacturing activity in 2009, a trend in the industry known as going “fabless.” With a current market value of $164.6 billion, AMD’s share price is up about 47% amid a semiconductor chip shortage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on global supply chains.
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35. Archer Daniels Midland Co.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.1%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$2 millions — #34 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $2.13 billions — #57 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $449 millions — #55 of 112
The Chicago-based multinational food processing and commodities trading giant is one of the largest companies in America, with a current market cap of about $36 billion. ADM’s activities impact a broad range of products, from animal feed to cosmetics to plant-based proteins, and its profits rely heavily on trade between the U.S. and China.
34. Salesforce.com Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.1%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$4 millions — #33 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $4.08 billions — #33 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $861 millions — #30 of 112
Marc Benioff, boss of the San Francisco-based cloud-computing software company with a market value of about $300 billion, often speaks in favor of left-of-center political views. But the company he founded has paid no federal tax rate in recent years, which means Salesforce hasn’t been pitching in to fund the progressive public policies ostensibly lauded by its CEO and chairman.
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33. Principal Financial Group Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.2%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$7 millions — #31 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $4.31 billions — #31 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $911 millions — #28 of 112
The Des Moines, Iowa-based financial investment management and insurer with a current market value of about $18.3 billion has seen its stock price soar over 40% since the start of the year. In its recent third quarter earnings statement the company cited managing retirement accounts in the U.S. and some emerging markets as one of its growth drivers.
32. Dish Network Corp.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.2%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$13 millions — #27 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $6.58 billions — #18 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $1.39 billions — #17 of 112
The Englewood, Colorado-based provider of direct-broadcast satellite television with a current market cap of about $20 billion has been shedding DISH pay TV service subscribers but has made gains in its Sling TV streaming subscribers. The company ended September with nearly 11 million subscribers, including 2.56 million for Sling TV.
31. Ally Financial Inc
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.3%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$14 millions — #26 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $4.82 billions — #27 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $1.03 billions — #22 of 112
The Detroit-based bank holding company with a current market value of about $17.8 billion has a longtime background in auto financing, but it also provides other financial services. It recently announced a third attempt to enter the consumer credit card business after two previous failed attempts.
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30. Alliant Energy Corp.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.4%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$7 millions — #31 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.75 billions — #64 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $373 millions — #60 of 112
The Madison, Wisconsin-based public utility with a current market value of about $14 billion provides power to residents of Iowa and Wisconsin. The company said recently it’s investing $750 million in 400 megawatts of solar power generation and 75 megawatts of battery storage in Iowa.
29. Ameren Corp.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.4%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$12 millions — #28 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $3.06 billions — #47 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $655 millions — #38 of 112
The St. Louis, Missouri-based holding company of energy and power companies serving residents in Missouri and Illinois has a current market value of about $22 billion. The company reported a more than 15% increase in profits in the quarter ending Sept. 30 with an 11% jump in revenue compared to the same quarter in 2020.
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28. SpartanNash Co
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.5%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$1 millions — #35 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: 123 millions — #112 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $26 millions — #112 of 112
The Byron Center, Michigan-based multinational food distributor with a current market cap of about $900 million serves military commissaries and food retailers. In 2018, the company claimed that it used its federal tax savings for one-time bonuses and pay raises.
27. Atmos Energy Corp.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.5%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$10 millions — #30 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.99 billions — #60 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $428 millions — #56 of 112
Like other natural gas distributors, Dallas-based Atmos is raising rates on customers as the costs of the fossil-fuel gas sharply increase ahead of the high demand winter season. Atmos has a current market value of about $12.3 billion dollars.
26. T-Mobile US Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.7%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$80 millions — #14 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $11.52 billions — #9 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $2.50 billions — #8 of 112
The second-largest wireless carrier in the U.S. merged with Sprint last year and has a current market cap of about $153 billion. Prior to the merger, the IRS last year ruled that T-Mobile could leverage Sprint’s pre-merger losses to minimize its federal tax liabilities.
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25. Kinder Morgan Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -0.9%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$44 millions — #20 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $4.91 billions — #25 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $1.08 billions — #21 of 112
The Houston-based energy infrastructure company that manages oil and gas pipelines has a current market value of about $41 billion. The company, whose stock price has risen by about 25% since the start of the year, has been calling for additional federal tax credits as an incentive to convert its pipelines to transport sequestered carbon dioxide as part of an industry-wide effort to reduce carbon emissions through capture and sequestration.
24. FirstEnergy Corp.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -1.2%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$46 millions — #18 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $3.70 billions — #39 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $822 millions — #33 of 112
The Akron, Ohio-based electric utility has a current market value of about $21.2 billion, and the company’s stock is up more than 30% for the year. FirstEnergy recently reached a settlement to credit customers $306 million for what Ohio regulators say was excessive profit-taking amid what federal prosecutors called the state’s largest public corruption scandal.
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23. PPL Corp
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -1.3%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$38 millions — #22 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $2.93 billions — #48 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $654 millions — #40 of 112
The Allentown, Pennsylvania-based energy company has a current market value of about $22 billion. In the wake of reporting lower-than-expected profits in its third quarter ending Oct. 31, PPL said it would increase share repurchases for the rest of the year, a common method used to encourage investors to hold their stock in a company.
22. Edison International
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -1.3%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$44 millions — #20 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $3.31 billions — #43 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $739 millions — #35 of 112
The Rosemead, California-based public utility holding company for Southern California Edison announced recently that it would invest about $1 billion to speed up its energy storage buildout before next summer’s extreme heat. The company’s current market value is $24.3 billion.
21. Xcel Energy, Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -1.4%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$63 millions — #16 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $4.40 billions — #29 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $986 millions — #24 of 112
The Minneapolis-based utility holding company has a current market value of about $34.4 billion. Xcel is seeking to hike prices by 21.2% over the next three years on 1.3 million Minnesota customers. It claims the price hike is necessary to strengthen its grid.
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20. Westlake Chemical Corp
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -1.7%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$30 millions — #24 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.74 billions — #65 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $395 millions — #58 of 112
The Houston-based manufacturer and suppliers of petrochemicals and fabricated polymer-based building products has seen its stock price rise over 20% this year to a current market value of about $12.7 billion. Westlake Chemical’s profit increased by more than tenfold in its recently ended third quarter compared to the same period in 2020, to $607 million.
19. FedEx Corp
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -1.7%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$138 millions — #10 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $8.25 billions — #13 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $1.87 billions — #10 of 112
The Memphis, Tennessee-based global shipping and receiving giant said in September that a shortage of workers and higher labor costs caused its profits to decline in its most recent quarter. The company, which has a current market value of about $64.5 billion, reported $5.2 billion in net income in its fiscal year ended May 31, a more than 300% increase from the previous year as online ordering rose sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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18. Ball Corp
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -1.8%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$11 millions — #29 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: 598 millions — #96 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $137 millions — #91 of 112
The Broomfield, Colorado-based packaging and aerospace manufacturing company has a current market value of about $29.6 billion. The company manufactures a broad range of products, from aluminum cans to anti-missile system components. Ball reported profits of $179 million in its third quarter ending Sept. 30, down from $241 million in the same period last year.
17. American Electric Power Company Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -3.0%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$177 millions — #5 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $5.94 billions — #22 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $1.42 billions — #16 of 112
Columbus, Ohio-based electric utility, with a current market value of about $42.8 billion, delivers electrical power in several U.S. states through its massive transmission system. It reported net income of $1.9 billion on $12.7 billion in revenue for the months ending Sept. 30.
16. UGI Corp.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -3.2%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$36 millions — #23 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.13 billions — #81 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $273 millions — #70 of 112
The King of Prussia, Pennsylvania-based natural gas and electric power distribution announced in 2018 that it would pass its tax savings from the 2017 federal tax overhaul to its customers, and in August the company announced it was raising rates on its residential customers by 6.1%. UGI’s current market value is about $9.3 billion, and its stock price has jumped about 28% since the start of the year.
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15. Mohawk Industries, Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -3.3%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$20 millions — #25 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: 611 millions — #95 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $148 millions — #88 of 112
The Amsterdam, New York-based flooring products manufacturer with a current market value of about $12 billion was cited in a Washington Post article in July as one of several companies that have relied heavily on unapproved tax breaks relative to the size of their businesses, such as deductions on stock losses. The company’s stock price has done well since the start of the year, rising about 30%.
14. Textron Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -3.3%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$46 millions — #18 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.40 billions — #71 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $340 millions — #65 of 112
The Providence, Rhode Island-based aerospace and defense contractor with a current market value of about $17.1 billion received billions of dollars’ worth of federal contracts. In 2020, it reported pre-tax income of $278 million but also received a $1 million federal rebate, pushing its effective tax rate below zero. Its share price has jumped about 67% since the start of the year.
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13. Williams Cos Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -4.8%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$153 millions — #8 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $3.19 billions — #45 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $822 millions — #33 of 112
The Tulsa, Oklahoma-based natural gas processor with a current market cap of about $34.7 billion delivered better than expected results in its third quarter ending Sept. 30 and has generated $930 million in net income from $4.4 billion in revenue for the first nine months of the year. Its stock price has jumped about 42% in that period of time.
12. Penske Automotive Group Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -5.1%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$68 millions — #15 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.32 billions — #76 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $345 millions — #63 of 112
The Bloomfield Hills, Michigan-based transportation services company and truck dealer reported its best quarterly results in its history in the three months ending Sept. 30 driven by strong growth in the commercial truck market and its service and parts operations. Penske Automotive is the publicly traded holding of privately-held Penske Corporation.
11. CMS Energy Corporation
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -5.3%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$133 millions — #13 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $2.49 billions — #52 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $655 millions — #38 of 112
The Jackson, Michigan-based energy company focused on local utility operations reported net income of $696 million on $5.3 billion in revenue for the nine months ending Sept. 30. The public utility delivers power to millions of Michigan residents and has a current market value of about $17.5 billion.
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10. Dominion Resources
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -5.3%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$327 millions — #3 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $6.14 billions — #20 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $1.62 billions — #12 of 112
The Richmond, Virginia-based power and energy company is one of the country’s largest energy distributors through its electrical transmission lines and natural gas distribution systems. The company is building the nation’s largest offshore wind farm off the coast of Virginia. It has a current market value of about $61.9 billion and reported $1.95 billion in net income from $10.1 billion in revenue for the nine months ended Sept. 30.
9. Celanese Corp
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -6.0%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$135 millions — #11 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $2.26 billions — #56 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $610 millions — #43 of 112
The Irving, Texas-based manufacturer of specialty materials like basic chemicals, plastic polymers, and artificial sweeteners saw its stock price increase about 34% since the start of the year with a current market value of $18.8 billion. Celanese reported a profit of $1.4 billion on $6.3 billion in sales in the nine months ended Sept. 30, and it recently declared a quarterly dividend.
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8. Evergy Inc
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -6.4%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$134 millions — #12 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $2.08 billions — #58 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $570 millions — #48 of 112
The Topeka, Kansas-based utility has a current market value of about $14.9 billion, and its stock price is up about 21% since the start of the year. The company recently raised its quarterly dividend after reporting stronger profits in its third quarter ended Sept. 30 of $449 million, compared to $365 million in the same period last year, driven by higher retail sales from warmer weather and lower tax expenses.
7. Juniper Networks Inc
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -7.5%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$47 millions — #17 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: 617 millions — #94 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $176 millions — #82 of 112
The Sunnyvale, California-based global network-products provider delivered better than expected third quarter financial results and its fifth consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth despite a worldwide shortage of semiconductors. Juniper’s current market value stands at about $10.2 billion, and its stock price has risen about 38% for the year.
6. Cabot Oil & Gas
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -8.6%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$157 millions — #7 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.83 billions — #62 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $540 millions — #52 of 112
The Houston-based oil and gas explorer recently renamed itself Coterra Energy following a merger with Denver-based Cimarex Energy. The merged company’s current market value stands at about $393 million, and its share price has nearly doubled since the start of the year.
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5. DTE Energy Co.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -11.0%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$448 millions — #2 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $4.06 billions — #34 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $1.30 billions — #19 of 112
Detroit-based energy company and utility services provider recently increased its dividend by 7% on strong results in its third quarter ended Sept. 30 to an annualized $3.54 per share. The company has a current market value of about $22.1 billion and reported $598 million in profit from $10.3 billion in revenue in the first nine months of the year.
4. Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corp
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -11.7%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$196 millions — #4 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $1.67 billions — #66 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $547 millions — #51 of 112
3. Duke Energy Corp.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -15.5%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$1.23 billions — #1 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: $7.91 billions — #15 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $2.89 billions — #6 of 112
The McLean, Virginia-based management and IT consulting company with a current market cap of about $11.6 billion reported $246.9 million in profit on $4.1 billion in sales for the first six months of its 2022 fiscal year that began on April 1. The company, one of the nation’s largest security contractors with ties to U.S. intelligence and defense, recently announced plans to spend $4 billion through 2025 on acquisitions.
The Charlotte, North Carolina-based electric power and natural gas company reported $2.9 billion in profits on $17 billion in sales for the first nine months of the year. The company with a current market value of about $78.2 billion recently announced plans to raise heating bills this winter on its customers as natural gas prices rise.
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2. Telephone And Data Systems, Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -25.5%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$150 millions — #9 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: 589 millions — #97 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $274 millions — #69 of 112
The Chicago-based telecommunications-services company reported $152 million in profit on $3.9 billion in sales for the first nine months of the year. The company with a current market value of about $2.1 billion owns US Cellular, a mobile network provider.
1. Agilent Technologies Inc.
> Effective federal tax rate 2018-2020: -41.0%
> Federal income tax, 2018-2020: -$165 millions — #6 largest refund
> Total pre-tax income, 2018-2020: 402 millions — #105 of 112
> Total federal income tax breaks, 2018-2020: $249 millions — #72 of 112
The Santa Clara, California-based global maker and seller of analytical equipment has a current market value of about $47.4 billion and has seen its stock price jump about 32% since the start of the year. The company, whose products include equipment for cancer research, food and beverage testing, and semiconductor analysis has reported $768 million in profit on $4.6 billion in revenue in the first nine months of the year.
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