When Queen Elizabeth II died, her son, King Charles III, ascended the throne. King Charles is now not only the titular head of state of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, but also the head of the Commonwealth of Nations, a voluntary association of 56 independent nations scattered across the globe. (See the most important event in the life of Queen Elizabeth in every year of her reign.)
The Commonwealth is a vestige of the far-flung British empire. As former imperial colonies began to clamor for independence from the Crown, the British government loosened the reins starting in the 1920s and 1930s under new rules enacted under the Imperial Conference of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster in 1931. The changes granted the country’s former dominions more control over their own domestic and foreign affairs. Today, those countries maintain close, friendly ties to the U.K. but operate as sovereign nations.
There are 14 Commonwealth realms: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu. The U.K. is also considered a Commonwealth realm. A commonwealth realm recognizes the king as head of state, but only in a symbolic role.
Barbados joined the Commonwealth in 1966, but last year it became a republic. By switching over to a republic form of government, Barbados removed Queen Elizabeth as its head of state. (Find out who are the 20 longest-reigning monarchs in history?)
Some countries, notably, South Africa, Pakistan, Gambia, and Fiji, left the Commonwealth but later rejoined. All but two – Mozambique and Rwanda – were once part of Britain’s imperial empire.
To determine every country in the Commonwealth, 24/7 Wall St. consulted Britannica, Wikipedia, and UK.gov. Countries are ordered by the date they joined the Commonwealth. Countries that left the Commonwealth and rejoined are listed with their original joining date. Population figures are for 2021 from the World Bank.
The ascension of King Charles renewed discussions about the mistreatment of native peoples under British imperial rule. Even before Queen Elizabeth death’s, when Prince William and Princess Kate’s tour of the Caribbean countries of Belize, Jamaica, and the Bahamas in March drew protests about past slavery and colonialism in the region.
Click here to see every country in the British Commonwealth.
1. United Kingdom
> Joined: Nov. 19, 1926
> Population: 67,326,570
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
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2. Australia
> Joined: Nov. 19, 1926
> Population: 25,739,260
> System of government: Federal Commonwealth realm
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3. Canada
> Joined: Nov. 19, 1926
> Population: 38,246,110
> System of government: Federal Commonwealth realm
4. New Zealand
> Joined: Nov. 19, 1926
> Population: 512,260
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
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5. South Africa
> Joined: Nov. 19, 1926
> Population: 600,420
> System of government: Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
6. Pakistan
> Joined: Aug. 14, 1947
> Population: 225,199,930
> System of government: Federal Westminster republic
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7. India
> Joined: Aug. 15, 1947
> Population: 1,393,409,030
> System of government: Federal Westminster republic
8. Sri Lanka
> Joined: Feb. 4, 1948
> Population: 221,560
> System of government: Unitary semi-presidential republic
9. Ghana
> Joined: March 6, 1957
> Population: 31,732,130
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
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10. Malaysia
> Joined: Aug. 31, 1957
> Population: 32,776,190
> System of government: Federal Westminster monarchy
11. Nigeria
> Joined: Oct. 1, 1960
> Population: 21,140,070
> System of government: Federal presidential republic
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12. Cyprus
> Joined: March 13, 1961
> Population: 1,215,590
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
13. Sierra Leone
> Joined: April 27, 1961
> Population: 8,141,340
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
14. Tanzania
> Joined: Dec. 9, 1961
> Population: 61,498,440
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
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15. Jamaica
> Joined: Aug. 6, 1962
> Population: 2,973,460
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
16. Trinidad and Tobago
> Joined: Aug. 31, 1962
> Population: 1,403,370
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
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17. Uganda
> Joined: Oct. 9, 1962
> Population: 47,123,530
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
18. Kenya
> Joined: Dec. 12, 1963
> Population: 5,498,570
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
19. Malawi
> Joined: July 6, 1964
> Population: 19,647,680
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
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20. Malta
> Joined: Sep. 21, 1964
> Population: 516,870
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
21. Zambia
> Joined: Oct. 24, 1964
> Population: 18,920,660
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
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22. Gambia
> Joined: Feb. 18, 1965
> Population: 2,486,940
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
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23. Guyana
> Joined: May 26, 1966
> Population: 790,330
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
24. Singapore
> Joined: Aug. 9, 1966
> Population: 5,453,570
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
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25. Botswana
> Joined: Sep. 30, 1966
> Population: 2,397,240
> System of government: Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
26. Lesotho
> Joined: Oct. 4, 1966
> Population: 2,159,070
> System of government: Unitary Westminster monarchy
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27. Barbados
> Joined: Nov. 30, 1966
> Population: 287,710
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
28. Mauritius
> Joined: March 12, 1968
> Population: 1,266,060
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
29. Eswatini
> Joined: Sep. 6, 1968
> Population: 1,172,370
> System of government: Unitary absolute monarchy
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30. Nauru
> Joined: Nov. 1, 1968
> Population: 10,870
> System of government: Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
31. Tonga
> Joined: June 4, 1970
> Population: 106,760
> System of government: Unitary constitutional monarchy
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32. Samoa
> Joined: Aug. 28, 1970
> Population: 200,140
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
33. Fiji
> Joined: Oct. 10, 1970
> Population: 90,290
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
34. Bangladesh
> Joined: April 18, 1972
> Population: 166,303,490
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
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35. The Bahamas
> Joined: July 10, 1973
> Population: 396,910
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
36. Grenada
> Joined: Feb. 7, 1974
> Population: 113,020
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
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37. Papua New Guinea
> Joined: Sep. 16, 1975
> Population: 91,190
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
38. Seychelles
> Joined: June 29, 1976
> Population: 9,920
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
39. Solomon Islands
> Joined: July 7, 1978
> Population: 7,040
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
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40. Tuvalu
> Joined: Oct. 1, 1978
> Population: 11,930
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
41. Dominica
> Joined: Nov. 3, 1978
> Population: 72,170
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
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42. Saint Lucia
> Joined: Feb. 22, 1979
> Population: 18,440
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
43. Kiribati
> Joined: July 12, 1979
> Population: 121,390
> System of government: Unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
44. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
> Joined: Oct. 27, 1979
> Population: 111,270
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
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45. Vanuatu
> Joined: July 30, 1980
> Population: 314,460
> System of government: Unitary Westminster republic
46. Belize
> Joined: Sep. 21, 1981
> Population: 404,920
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
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47. Antigua and Barbuda
> Joined: Nov. 1, 1981
> Population: 98,730
> System of government: Unitary Commonwealth realm
48. Maldives
> Joined: July 9, 1982
> Population: 543,620
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
49. Saint Kitts and Nevis
> Joined: Sep. 19, 1983
> Population: 53,550
> System of government: Federal Commonwealth realm
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50. Brunei
> Joined: Jan. 1, 1984
> Population: 441,530
> System of government: Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy
51. Namibia
> Joined: March 21, 1990
> Population: 2,587,340
> System of government: Unitary semi-presidential republic
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52. Cameroon
> Joined: Nov. 13, 1995
> Population: 27,224,260
> System of government: Unitary semi-presidential republic
53. Mozambique
> Joined: Nov. 13, 1995
> Population: 32,163,040
> System of government: Unitary semi-presidential republic
54. Rwanda
> Joined: Nov. 29, 2009
> Population: 13,276,520
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
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55. Gabon
> Joined: June 25, 2022
> Population: 2,278,830
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
56. Togo
> Joined: June 25, 2022
> Population: 8,478,240
> System of government: Unitary presidential republic
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