In the first two years of his administration, President Joe Biden was backed by a Democratically controlled congress. With a Democratic majority on Capitol Hill, Biden pushed through a number of legislative initiatives, including a $1 trillion infrastructure bill and a sweeping set of policies aimed at reducing emissions. But in the 2022 midterm elections, the Democratic Party lost control of Congress, and the U.S. entered a new era of divided government.
Historically, the party that controls the White House typically loses congressional seats in midterm elections. The 2022 midterms were no exception. The number of Democrats in the House fell from 222 to 213 in the wake of the election, while the number of Republicans climbed from 212 to 222.
Though the Democratic Party lost control of the House, the party was able to maintain a razor thin majority in the Senate, defying many pollster projections. Currently, 48 Senate seats are held by Democrats and another three are held by independents, who caucus with the Democrats, while only 49 seats are held by Republicans.
But if the Democrats are to maintain control of the Senate after the 2024 election, they face another uphill battle as many senators in the party do not have the support of a majority of their constituency.
Using data from public opinion research company Morning Consult, 24/7 Wall St. identified the most, and least, popular Democratic senators. We ranked all 51 senators who are either Democrats or caucus with the Democrats by their 2023 approval rating. Ties were broken by disapproval ratings, and in cases where senators shared the same approval and disapproval rating, the senator with the largest survey sample size ranked higher.
Among the 51 U.S. senators on this list, approval ratings range from as high as 65% to a low of 38%. Should they choose to run, 23 of these senators are up for reelection in 2024 – and a little over half of those 23 have approval ratings under 50%.
In national elections, Americans tend to vote for candidates of a single party. And with Biden’s approval rating hovering at 43% – just below his 44% average – this poses a significant hurdle for three sitting Democratic senators who represent states that went to former President Donald Trump in 2020 – Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia, Sen. Sherrod Brown of Ohio, and Sen. Jon Tester of Montana. (Here is a look at Biden’s approval rating in every state.)
Opportunities for Republicans to pick up Senate seats in 2024 do not stop there. Independent Arizona Sen. Kyrsten Sinema’s approval rating stands at just 42%, while her disapproval rating stands at 44%.
Notably, however, many of the most popular U.S. senators are also Democrats, or independents who caucus with the Democrats. Hawaii Sen. Brian Schatz and Vermont Sens. Bernie Sanders and Peter Welch are among the five senators with the highest approval ratings, with over 60% support. Of them, only Sanders’ seat is up for grabs in 2024. (Here is a look at America’s most popular senators.)
Click here to see the most and least popular democratic senators.
Click here to see our detailed methodology.
51. Sen. Joe Manchin (D) of West Virginia
> Popularity: 38% approve, 55% disapprove (99th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 29.7% Democratic (2nd lowest); 68.6% Republican (2nd highest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 61.3% (the lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.9%
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50. Sen. Robert Menendez (D) of New Jersey
> Popularity: 40% approve, 39% disapprove (94th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 57.3% Democratic (12th highest); 41.4% Republican (13th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 71.6% (17th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.7%
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49. Sen. Kyrsten Sinema (I) of Arizona
> Popularity: 42% approve, 44% disapprove (92nd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 49.4% Democratic (24th highest); 49.1% Republican (24th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 79.9% (12th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.8%
48. Sen. Jacky Rosen (D) of Nevada
> Popularity: 42% approve, 36% disapprove (89th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 50.1% Democratic (21st highest); 47.7% Republican (20th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 78.2% (16th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 5.4%
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47. Sen. John Fetterman (D) of Pennsylvania
> Popularity: 43% approve, 40% disapprove (87th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 50.0% Democratic (22nd highest); 48.8% Republican (23rd lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 83.4% (5th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.4%
46. Sen. Martin Heinrich (D) of New Mexico
> Popularity: 43% approve, 34% disapprove (84th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 54.3% Democratic (15th highest); 43.5% Republican (15th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 79.7% (13th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.0%
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45. Sen. Gary Peters (D) of Michigan
> Popularity: 43% approve, 33% disapprove (83rd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 50.6% Democratic (20th highest); 47.8% Republican (21st lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.1% (8th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
44. Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D) of Wisconsin
> Popularity: 44% approve, 42% disapprove (82nd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 49.4% Democratic (24th highest); 48.8% Republican (23rd lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 84.2% (4th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.9%
43. Sen. Ben Lujan (D) of New Mexico
> Popularity: 44% approve, 37% disapprove (78th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 54.3% Democratic (15th highest); 43.5% Republican (15th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 79.7% (13th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.0%
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42. Sen. Sherrod Brown (D) of Ohio
> Popularity: 44% approve, 35% disapprove (77th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 45.2% Democratic (22nd lowest); 53.3% Republican (20th highest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 70.7% (14th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.0%
41. Sen. Alex Padilla (D) of California
> Popularity: 44% approve, 27% disapprove (75th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 63.5% Democratic (5th highest); 34.3% Republican (5th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 76.6% (22nd highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
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40. Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D) of California
> Popularity: 45% approve, 38% disapprove (72nd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 63.5% Democratic (5th highest); 34.3% Republican (5th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 76.6% (22nd highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
39. Sen. Tina Smith (D) of Minnesota
> Popularity: 45% approve, 33% disapprove (69th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 52.4% Democratic (19th highest); 45.3% Republican (18th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.3% (7th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.7%
38. Sen. Robert Casey (D) of Pennsylvania
> Popularity: 45% approve, 31% disapprove (68th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 50.0% Democratic (22nd highest); 48.8% Republican (23rd lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 83.4% (5th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.4%
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37. Sen. Jon Ossoff (D) of Georgia
> Popularity: 46% approve, 37% disapprove (63rd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 49.5% Democratic (23rd highest); 49.3% Republican (25th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.0% (9th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.0%
36. Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D) of Michigan
> Popularity: 46% approve, 36% disapprove (62nd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 50.6% Democratic (20th highest); 47.8% Republican (21st lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.1% (8th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
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35. Sen. Cory Booker (D) of New Jersey
> Popularity: 47% approve, 37% disapprove (59th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 57.3% Democratic (12th highest); 41.4% Republican (13th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 71.6% (17th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.7%
34. Sen. Timothy Kaine (D) of Virginia
> Popularity: 47% approve, 36% disapprove (58th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 54.1% Democratic (16th highest); 44.0% Republican (17th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 71.7% (18th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.9%
33. Sen. Richard Durbin (D) of Illinois
> Popularity: 47% approve, 35% disapprove (57th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 57.5% Democratic (11th highest); 40.6% Republican (12th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 75.3% (25th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.6%
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32. Sen. Michael Bennet (D) of Colorado
> Popularity: 47% approve, 33% disapprove (55th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 55.4% Democratic (14th highest); 41.9% Republican (14th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 85.0% (the highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.0%
31. Sen. Jeff Merkley (D) of Oregon
> Popularity: 47% approve, 33% disapprove (54th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 56.5% Democratic (13th highest); 40.4% Republican (11th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 84.7% (2nd highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
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30. Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D) of New York
> Popularity: 47% approve, 32% disapprove (53rd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 60.9% Democratic (6th highest); 37.7% Republican (6th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 74.5% (22nd lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.3%
29. Sen. John Hickenlooper (D) of Colorado
> Popularity: 48% approve, 35% disapprove (49th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 55.4% Democratic (14th highest); 41.9% Republican (14th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 85.0% (the highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.0%
28. Sen. Raphael Warnock (D) of Georgia
> Popularity: 49% approve, 42% disapprove (48th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 49.5% Democratic (23rd highest); 49.3% Republican (25th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.0% (9th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.0%
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27. Sen. Margaret Hassan (D) of New Hampshire
> Popularity: 50% approve, 40% disapprove (45th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 52.7% Democratic (18th highest); 45.4% Republican (19th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 81.3% (10th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.5%
26. Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D) of Nevada
> Popularity: 50% approve, 40% disapprove (44th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 50.1% Democratic (21st highest); 47.7% Republican (20th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 78.2% (16th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 5.4%
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25. Sen. Patty Murray (D) of Washington
> Popularity: 50% approve, 38% disapprove (41st most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 58.0% Democratic (10th highest); 38.8% Republican (8th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 79.5% (14th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
24. Sen. Ron Wyden (D) of Oregon
> Popularity: 50% approve, 34% disapprove (40th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 56.5% Democratic (13th highest); 40.4% Republican (11th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 84.7% (2nd highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
23. Sen. Maria Cantwell (D) of Washington
> Popularity: 50% approve, 33% disapprove (38th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 58.0% Democratic (10th highest); 38.8% Republican (8th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 79.5% (14th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
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22. Sen. Mark Warner (D) of Virginia
> Popularity: 50% approve, 33% disapprove (37th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 54.1% Democratic (16th highest); 44.0% Republican (17th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 71.7% (18th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.9%
21. Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D) of New Hampshire
> Popularity: 51% approve, 39% disapprove (35th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 52.7% Democratic (18th highest); 45.4% Republican (19th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 81.3% (10th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.5%
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20. Sen. Tammy Duckworth (D) of Illinois
> Popularity: 51% approve, 34% disapprove (34th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 57.5% Democratic (11th highest); 40.6% Republican (12th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 75.3% (25th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.6%
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19. Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D) of Rhode Island
> Popularity: 51% approve, 33% disapprove (33rd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 59.4% Democratic (7th highest); 38.6% Republican (7th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 73.2% (21st lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.2%
18. Sen. Chris Van Hollen (D) of Maryland
> Popularity: 51% approve, 23% disapprove (32nd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 65.4% Democratic (3rd highest); 32.2% Republican (3rd lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 76.5% (23rd highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.2%
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17. Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D) of Massachusetts
> Popularity: 52% approve, 38% disapprove (31st most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 65.6% Democratic (2nd highest); 32.1% Republican (2nd lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 76.7% (21st highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.8%
16. Sen. Benjamin Cardin (D) of Maryland
> Popularity: 52% approve, 23% disapprove (28th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 65.4% Democratic (3rd highest); 32.2% Republican (3rd lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 76.5% (23rd highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.2%
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15. Sen. Mark Kelly (D) of Arizona
> Popularity: 53% approve, 38% disapprove (27th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 49.4% Democratic (24th highest); 49.1% Republican (24th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 79.9% (12th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.8%
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14. Sen. Charles Schumer (D) of New York
> Popularity: 53% approve, 36% disapprove (26th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 60.9% Democratic (6th highest); 37.7% Republican (6th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 74.5% (22nd lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.3%
13. Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D) of Minnesota
> Popularity: 53% approve, 36% disapprove (25th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 52.4% Democratic (19th highest); 45.3% Republican (18th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.3% (7th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.7%
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12. Sen. Chris Coons (D) of Delaware
> Popularity: 53% approve, 33% disapprove (23rd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 58.7% Democratic (9th highest); 39.8% Republican (10th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 70.8% (15th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.5%
11. Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D) of Connecticut
> Popularity: 54% approve, 36% disapprove (21st most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 59.3% Democratic (8th highest); 39.2% Republican (9th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 70.5% (11th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
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10. Sen. Thomas Carper (D) of Delaware
> Popularity: 54% approve, 29% disapprove (18th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 58.7% Democratic (9th highest); 39.8% Republican (10th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 70.8% (15th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.5%
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9. Sen. John Reed (D) of Rhode Island
> Popularity: 54% approve, 27% disapprove (16th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 59.4% Democratic (7th highest); 38.6% Republican (7th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 73.2% (21st lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.2%
8. Sen. Christopher Murphy (D) of Connecticut
> Popularity: 55% approve, 32% disapprove (14th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 59.3% Democratic (8th highest); 39.2% Republican (9th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 70.5% (11th lowest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 4.2%
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7. Sen. Edward Markey (D) of Massachusetts
> Popularity: 55% approve, 26% disapprove (11th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2027
> 2020 presidential election results: 65.6% Democratic (2nd highest); 32.1% Republican (2nd lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 76.7% (21st highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.8%
6. Sen. Angus King (I) of Maine
> Popularity: 57% approve, 32% disapprove (10th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 53.1% Democratic (17th highest); 44.0% Republican (17th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 84.3% (3rd highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.0%
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5. Sen. Jon Tester (D) of Montana
> Popularity: 58% approve, 33% disapprove (9th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 40.5% Democratic (14th lowest); 56.9% Republican (16th highest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 80.9% (11th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.6%
4. Sen. Mazie Hirono (D) of Hawaii
> Popularity: 60% approve, 30% disapprove (8th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 63.7% Democratic (4th highest); 34.3% Republican (5th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 78.2% (17th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.5%
3. Sen. Peter Welch (D) of Vermont
> Popularity: 62% approve, 25% disapprove (5th most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 66.1% Democratic (the highest); 30.7% Republican (the lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.4% (6th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.6%
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2. Sen. Bernard Sanders (I) of Vermont
> Popularity: 64% approve, 33% disapprove (2nd most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2025
> 2020 presidential election results: 66.1% Democratic (the highest); 30.7% Republican (the lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 82.4% (6th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 2.6%
1. Sen. Brian Schatz (D) of Hawaii
> Popularity: 65% approve, 24% disapprove (the most popular of all 100 U.S. senators)
> Final year of current term: 2029
> 2020 presidential election results: 63.7% Democratic (4th highest); 34.3% Republican (5th lowest)
> Registered voters who participated in Nov. 2022 midterm election: 78.2% (17th highest of 50 states)
> State unemployment rate, 2022: 3.5%
Methodology
To identify America’s most and least popular Democratic senators, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed approval and disapproval ratings for all 100 U.S. senators from Morning Consult, a public opinion data research company. We ranked all 51 senators who are either Democrats, or who caucus with the Democrats, by their 2023 approval rating. Ties were broken by disapproval ratings, and in cases where senators shared the same approval and disapproval rating, the senator with the largest survey sample size ranked higher.
All polling data was collected among registered voters in the state represented by the senator in question in the first quarter of 2023.
We also reviewed the 2022 unemployment rate by state from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the share of registered voters who participated on election day in 2022 from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey.
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