New Mexico Population and Demographics

Published: October 1, 2020 11:02 am

Population

New Mexico is a state in the Western United States with a population of 2,092,434 and land area of 121,298 square miles. It ranks as the 15th smallest state by population and the 5th largest state by area.

Race and Ethnicity

According to the most recent estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, 37.70% of state residents identify as white, 1.80% as Black or African American, 8.80% as American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.40% as Asian, 0.00% as Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 48.50% as Hispanic or Latino, and 1.70% as some other race or combination of races.

Nationally, some 61.1% of Americans identify as white, 12.3% as Black or African American, 0.7% as American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.4% as Asian, 0.2% as Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 17.8% as Hispanic or Latino, and 2.6% as some other race or combination of races.

Ancestry

Census respondents are also asked to report ancestry. Some of the most commonly reported ancestries in New Mexico include German, Irish, English, American, and Italian. Measured by location quotient -- comparing the state share to the national share -- some of the most highly concentrated ancestries in New Mexico are Celtic, Basque, and Northern European.

Native and foreign-born population

An estimated 90.40% of New Mexico residents are native-born, meaning they were born in the United States, Puerto Rico, a U.S. Island Area, or abroad to a U.S. citizen.

Of the 9.60% of the population that is foreign-born, 38.80% have become naturalized U.S. citizens. Nationwide, 86.5% of Americans are native-born. And of the 13.5% of Americans who are foreign-born, 48.8% have become naturalized U.S. citizens.

Age

The population of New Mexico is about as old as the United States as a whole. The median age in the state is 37.5 years old, 0.4 years less than the national median age of 37.9 years. An estimated 16.30% of the population is 65 years and over, compared to 15.2% of the U.S. population.

Family and household composition

Family and household composition also varies heavily across the United States. In New Mexico, 44.20% of households are occupied by married-couple families, compared to the 48.3% national figure. Some 5.70% of households are occupied by single male householders, 13.60% by single female householders, and 36.50% by non-family occupants. Nationwide, 4.9% of households are occupied by single male householders, 12.6% by single female householders, and 34.3% by non-family occupants. An estimated 67.60% of heads of household own their homes, compared to the national homeownership rate of 63.8%.

Language spoken

As is the case across the United States, English is the most commonly spoken language in New Mexico. Of the 1,964,100 people aged 5 and up living in New Mexico, 91.1% speak English exclusively, or, if they are multilingual, speak English very well. English usage is about as common in the state as it is nationwide where an average of 91.5% of the 5 and older population only speaks English, or speak it very well.

Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the United States. In New Mexico, 27.3% of the population aged 5 and older speaks Spanish, the 3rd largest share among all states. Nationwide, 13.3% of all Americans in the same age group speak Spanish.

Marital status

Residents of New Mexico are less likely to be married than the typical American. Of the 1.7 million New Mexico residents aged 15 and older, 44.8% are currently married, compared to 48.1% of Americans nationwide in the same age group. Divorce, meanwhile, is more common in the state than it is nationwide. In New Mexico, 13% of the 15 and older population is divorced, compared to the 10.8% share of the same age group across the U.S. as a whole.

An estimated 34.5% of New Mexico residents 15 and older have never married, compared to one-third of Americans in the same age group.

Veterans

In New Mexico, 9.3% of the 18 and over population are veterans -- above the 7.5% of adult civilians who have served in the military nationwide. Compared to other states, New Mexico is home to the 9th largest share of military veterans.

As is the case nationwide, the largest share of veterans living in the state served in the Vietnam era. Of New Mexico’s 148,300 resident veterans, 3.6% served in World War II, 39.4% served in the Vietnam War, 21% served in the period between the beginning of the Gulf War and 2001, and 18.4% served since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. An additional 12,500 men and women served during the Korean War.

Educational attainment

In New Mexico, adults are less likely to have a high school education than the typical American adult, and are also less likely to have a four-year college education. Among New Mexico residents 25 and older, 85.3% have a high school diploma or equivalent, and 27.1% have a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to 87.7% and 31.5% of adults nationwide, respectively.

Income

Though it is not always the case, incomes tend to rise with educational attainment rates across broad populations -- and New Mexico is no exception. With a lower than average bachelor’s degree attainment rate, the state also has a lower than average median income. The typical household in New Mexico earns $48,059 a year, about $12,200 less than the national median household income of $60,293.

Additionally, New Mexico has a lower than average concentration of wealthy residents. An estimated 3.7% of households in the state earn $200,000 or more annually, compared to 7.0% of households nationwide.

Poverty

With the lower than average median household income, serious financial hardship is more common in the state than it is nationwide. The poverty rate in New Mexico stands at 20%, while the national poverty rate is 14.1%.

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