The Permian Basin is one of the most productive oil regions in the country and has been for decades. The basin covers 59 counties in west Texas and two counties in southeastern New Mexico in an area about 250 miles wide and 300 miles long. According to the Texas Railroad Commission, which despite its name regulates the oil patch in the state, the Permian Basin has produced more than 29 billion barrels of oil and 75 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in its more than 90-year history, and there are even more resources available for extraction.

Through most of its history the Permian has produced oil and gas from vertical wells, but since about 2009 or 2010, it has been producing from the tight shale formations that require horizontal drilling and fracturing. The Permian already produces more oil than North Dakota’s Bakken, and by the end of the decade is expected to surpass the Eagle Ford shale play in south Texas as the most productive unconventional oil play in the country, with about 1.8 million in crude oil production every day.

There are half a dozen main players in the Permian Basin, and we have taken a closer look at five of them. The sixth, Chevron Corp. (NYSE: CVX), is an integrated oil company (it owns refineries) and does not really fit in well with these pure-play producers.

Occidental Petroleum Co. (NYSE: OXY) reported acreage in its Permian Basin Resources operations of 1.9 million acres at the end of 2013. Of the 345 horizontal wells Oxy planned to drill in 2014, 172 were targeted at the Permian Basin. The company’s average daily production of crude oil totaled about 153,000 barrels a day at the end of 2014, up by about 2% year-over-year. The average realized price for all its U.S. barrels, however, dropped from $104.30 to $90.57 year-over-year for the third quarter.

In its 2013 annual report, Oxy reported revenue per U.S. barrel of oil equivalent (boe) of $64.48 and production costs of $14.43 per boe. Other expenses, including DD&A, resulted in pretax income per boe of $19.54. U.S. production costs dropped by $3.00 a barrel year-over-year in 2013.

Apache Corp. (NYSE: APA) reported 2013 production of around 90,000 barrels a day from its Permian Basin operations. The company holds leases on 1.7 million net acres in the Permian and estimates its undeveloped reserves at 5 billion barrels. Apache is focused on two areas of the Permian Basin: the Barnhart area of the Wolfcamp play and the Southern Midland Basin. In a presentation to investors and analysts in November, Apache said it planned 50 wells for the Barnhart area (using four rigs) and 115 wells (using nine to 12 rigs) for the Southern Midland Basin.

At the end of the third quarter Apache reported a realized price per barrel of oil in the United States of $91.26, down from $105.82 in the same period a year ago. Reported operating expenses totaled $67.55 per barrel in the quarter, up from $47.75 a barrel in the third quarter of 2013. The majority of the difference was due to a non-cash writedown of $1.5 billion ($26.65 per barrel) to reflect a drop in the carrying value of its U.S. and North Sea assets. That impact is likely to be even higher in the fourth quarter, when crude prices fell the most.

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Concho Resources Inc. (NYSE: CXO) holds more than 92,000 net acres in three different areas of the Permian Basin. The company produced nearly 73,000 barrels of oil a day. The average realized price per barrel in the third quarter was $86.05, compared with a price of $102.10 in the year-ago period. Operating costs and expenses totaled $43.11 per barrel in the third quarter, up from $41.66 in the year ago quarter. DD&A accounts for more than half the expenses in both year.

Concho has already cut its 2015 capital spending plan twice. The most recent cut, on January 5, trimmed capex to $2 billion, of which $1.8 billion will go to drilling and completion. The company expects to cut its rig count from 36 to 30 in the first quarter and to 25 for the remainder of the year. Even with the lower drilling activity, Concho expects production to rise by 16% to 20% in 2015.

Pioneer Resources Inc. (NYSE: PXD) holds about 825,000 gross acres in the Spraberry field of the Permian Basin. The Spraberry has conventional vertical wells as well as horizontal wells in the portion of the field known as Wolfcamp. The company reported a third-quarter average realized price per barrel of oil of $90.82, down from $101.70 in the year-ago quarter. The total includes all the company’s production, not just that from the Permian Basin. Expenses on oil and gas properties, including DD&A, totaled $25.30 per barrel of oil equivalent.

Pioneer announced early in January that it had converted about 85% of its 2015 oil derivative contracts from three-way collars to fixed-price swaps. The fixed-price swaps cover 82,000 barrels of oil production per day at an average NYMEX price of $71.18 a barrel. The company maintained its three-way collar contracts for 2016 (a $96.46 per barrel call price, an $85.47 per barrel put price and $74.35 per barrel short put price). The fixed-price swaps should help the company’s cash flow this year, and Pioneer can hope that prices start rising again for 2016.

Devon Energy Corp. (NYSE: DVN) holds 1.3 million net acres in the Permian Basin and operates 21 rigs that drilled about 400 wells in 2014. The company reported production of 56,000 barrels per day from its Permian operations in the third quarter of 2014, up from 49,000 barrels a day in 2013. The company received $90.23 per barrel of oil in the quarter, down from $101.40 in the same period a year ago. Operating expenses, G&A and DD&A for the third quarter totaled $24.39 per boe, up from $20.03 per barrel a year ago. Cash margin before taxes totaled $44 per boe in the third quarter.

Devon has so far said nothing about its plans for 2015, but the company has touted its strong balance sheet as its main weapon against collapsing crude oil prices. The company’s Permian Basin operations are among its most profitable and should continue to prove that into next year.

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